Archive for 'Health Medical Pharma'

Treatment of Vaginal Yeast Inf

Tuesday, October 18th, 2011 at 3:20 am  
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Various antifungal vaginal medications are available to treat yeast infection. Women can buy some antifungal creams, tablets, or suppositories (butoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, and tioconazole) over the counter for use in the vagina. But because BV, trichomoniasis, and yeast infection are difficult to distinguish on the basis of symptoms alone, a woman with vaginal symptoms should see her physician for an accurate diagnosis before using these products.

Other products available over the counter contain antihistamines or topical anesthetics that only mask the symptoms and do not treat the underlying problem. Women who have chronic or recurring yeast infections may need to be treated with vaginal creams for extended periods of time. Recently, effective oral medications have become available. Women should work with their physicians to determine possible underlying causes of their chronic yeast infections. HIV-infected women may have severe yeast infections that are often unresponsive to treatment.

Vaginal Yeast Infections or Candidiasis – Symptoms – Diagnosis – Treatment

Reprinted from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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Tags: topical anesthetics, recurring yeast infections, national institutes, antifungal vaginal medications, Infectious diseases

Tubal Ligation 101

Tuesday, October 18th, 2011 at 1:45 am  
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Tubal ligation can prevent future pregnancy when you don’t want children. Before you decide tubal ligation is right for you, here are a few things you should consider:

Sterilization: His or Hers?
Should you undergo tubal ligation or is vasectomy a better choice for your partner? Compare what happens then make an educated decision together.

Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy After Tubal Ligation
Although tubal ligation is almost 100 percent effective, a small percentage of women will become pregnant as much as ten years later and the risk of tubal pregnancy is significantly higher in women who have undergone tubal ligation.

Women’s Health Forum Visitor:
I am interested in talking with others who have or are experiencing post-tubal complications. Namely very heavy and irregular periods. Mine started directly after my tubal, which was performed the day after the birth of my daughter. I have talked to a few women in my town who have had similar experiences and am curious to find out how common this is. Also any treatments that have relieved symptoms. All replies are apprieciated.

Have you experienced abnormal bleeding after tubal ligation?
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Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome – Reversing Tubal Ligation
What happens after tubal ligation? Some women experience worsened symptoms of PMS and period problems. And occasionally a woman may decide she wants to have children after having a tubal ligation. These issues sometimes cause women want to have a tubal reversal. Learn about the symptoms of post tubal ligation syndrome, and find out what happens during tubal ligation reversal.

Source:

Sterilization for Women and Men. ACOG Education Pamphlet AP011. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp011.cfm. Accessed 08/26/09.

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Tags: Discussion Post, Tubal LigationWhat, tubal pregnancy, similar experiences, post tubal ligation syndrome

Vaginal Discharge and You

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 11:49 pm  
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Do you know the difference between normal and abnormal ? Did you know that having a vaginal discharge is normal? Let’s take a look at various types of vaginal discharges so that you’ll know when you have an abnormal vaginal discharge. The basic function of you vagina is to provide a route from the outside of your vagina to your uterus and the rest of your internal reproductive system. The natural, acidic, pH of your vagina acts to prevent infections. The acidic nature of your vagina is caused by natural, good, bacteria produced by your body. When your vagina is healthy, the vagina keeps itself clean and in a healthy state by producing secretions of normal vaginal discharge. The natural balance of the vagina can be disrupted by anything that interferes with its’ normal environment. First it’s important to understand that all women experience some amount of vaginal discharge. Glands in your vaginal and cervix produce small amounts of fluid that flows out of your vagina everyday taking with it old cells that line the vagina. Your normal vaginal discharge helps to clean the vagina, as well as keep it lubricated and free from infection and other germs. A normal vaginal discharge does not have a foul odor and usually has no odor at all. Normal vaginal discharge often appears clear or milky when it dries on your clothing; occasionally you may notice white spots or a normal vaginal discharge that is thin and stringy looking.

Other things that may cause changes in the appearance or consistency of your vaginal discharge include: Your menstrual cycle Emotional stress Pregnancy Any prescribed or OTC medications you take including hormones such as in the Pill Sexual excitement Breastfeeding Ovulation Your diet

Other things that can upset the natural pH balance of your vagina and lead to include , feminine hygiene products, perfumed or deodorant soaps, antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, or the presence of another infection.

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Tags: Other things, healthy state, Feminine hygiene products, old cells, dietOther things

Weight Loss Surgery

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 9:59 pm  
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When you are ready to leave the hospital, you may receive a visit from the hospital dietitian who will go over the required diet for Lap-Band patients. It’s important to fully understand the Lap-Band diet before you decide on this type of weight loss surgery. The first 3 to 4 days following Adjustable Gastric Lap-Band surgery patients must follow a clear liquid diet. Failure to follow the prescribed diet can cause complications such as band erosion or slippage that require additional surgery.

If you are a regular coffee, tea, or soda drinker you should be aware that no caffeine is permitted for the first three months after surgery. Carbonated beverages; both diet and regular may cause gas, bloating, and an increase in stomach size due to the carbonation and are not recommended at any time for Lap-Band patients.

The second phase of the Lap-Band diet consists of 5 to 6 weeks of a modified full liquid diet; the key component of this phase is consuming two ounces of a protein shake every hour for ten to twelve hours a day with two ounces of other liquids such as soup, baby food, or sugar-free gelatin three times a day.

During the second six weeks following Lap-Band surgery patients may eat food that is shredded in a food processor prior to eating. The basic foods on the Lap-Band diet include meats or other forms of protein, vegetables, and salads. The Lap-Band diet does not include most bread, potatoes and other starchy vegetables. The length of these phases may be altered according a patient’s personal weight and weight loss goals – my first phase is five weeks, followed by a two week second phase.

Protein is especially important following Lap-Band surgery. After Lap-Band surgery the stomach will never hold more than 4 to 6 ounces per meal, so making every bite count is essential for healthy and nutritionally rounded weight loss success.

Lap-Band patients are advised to consume fifty to sixty grams of protein daily to avoid protein deficiency. Protein deficiency causes hair loss, fatigue, edema, muscle weakness, and a delay in wound healing. A lack of adequate protein may also lead to depression, anxiety, irritability, apathy, and other mental health conditions, as well as cause a number of physical health issues from gallstones to colds, headaches, low blood pressure, anemia, irregular hear rates, and, in extreme cases, death. A lab can measure the amount of protein in your blood by performing a serum albumin blood test.

Eating after Adjustable Gastric Lap-Band surgery means taking tiny bites, and eating very slowly. You should think of your new stomach as a “baby” stomach. You’ll be drinking protein shakes and relearning eating skills much the same way as a new baby eats formula (or breast milk), and slowly adds new foods from blended baby foods to chunkier baby foods.

Certain foods may never be well tolerated by Lap-Band patients. These foods include:

Any medicine you take may need to be adjusted following Lap-Band surgery since you will not be able to swallow pills that are aspirin-size or larger, or capsules or irregular-shaped pills. For me this has meant breaking a blood pressure pill in half, changing my tri-estrogen capsules to a cream form, and taking liquid antibiotics and painkillers for an unrelated infection.

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Tags: blood pressure pill, Bariatric surgery, full liquid diet, Lap-Band surgery patients, basic foods

Vaginal Bleeding During Pregna

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 7:34 pm  
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Bleeding during pregnancy can be a frightening experience. There are several reasons why bleeding may occur in pregnant women. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can pose a serious risk to you and/or your baby. Depending on the cause, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy may also not pose a serious risk. It’s important to inform your immediately if you experience any amount of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.

Vaginal bleeding during the first trimester (12 weeks) occurs in many women. This does not necessarily mean that a miscarriage is immanent; however, any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy should be investigated by your . Most miscarriages occur during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. About half of pregnant women who experience vaginal bleeding during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy do not have a miscarriage. If you pass anything you think is fetal tissue be sure to take it to your health care provider for examination.

Unfortunately, most miscarriages are not preventable; a miscarriage is often nature’s way of dealing with abnormalities. Exercise and sex have not been proven to cause miscarriage, in fact continuing regular exercise (always check with your health care provider before starting an exercise program during pregnancy) during pregnancy can help ease labor when it is time for your new baby to be born. Fifteen to twenty percent of all pregnancies end in miscarriage.

Another potential cause of bleeding during early pregnancy is having an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants itself in one of the fallopian tubes. This is often called a “tubal pregnancy.” Ectopic pregnancy is much less common than miscarriage occurring in about one out of sixty pregnancies.

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Tags: tubal pregnancy, weeks of pregnancy, starting an exercise program, bleeding during pregnancy, frightening experience

Vaginal Itching Causes

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 5:10 pm  
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Vaginal itching is itching of the vagina and/or the vulvar skin that surrounds the vagina. Almost all females experience vaginal itching at some point in their lives.

The causes of vaginal itching can vary. Here are a few other common ones:

Chemicals in certain products can cause irritation or allergic reaction that can result in itching. Such products include laundry detergent and fabric softeners; bath soaps and deodorants; ointments creams, and lotions; ; and foams and jellies used during intercourse. Vaginal infections, particularly vaginal yeast infections, frequently cause intense symptoms, including vaginal itching. Common causes of vaginal yeast infections include the use of antibiotics or the Pill, (with or without condom usage), menstruation, pregnancy, diabetes, and a weakened immune system.

Other and (STDs), including bacterial vaginosis (BV), genital herpes, trichomoniasis, and pubic lice, may also be to blame.

Women who have vaginitis, inflammation of the vagina, may also experience vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, and inflammation along with their itching. Vaginitis frequently occurs in girls who have not yet reached puberty; however, it’s important to rule out STDs and to determine whether sexual abuse has occurred. Stress is a frequent contributor to the development of many health conditions, including vaginal itchiness. If you’re experiencing stress, learning some stress relieving techniques may help to reduce or prevent vaginal itching. Perimenopausal women approaching menopause and the post-menopause years frequently experience vaginal itching. Menopause-related vaginal itching usually occurs in association with vaginal dryness.

Other possible, but less common, causes of vaginal or vulvar itching include the presence of other skin conditions that may or may not be precancerous, and pinworms — a condition that primarily infects children.

Notify your doctor immediately if you experience vaginal itching accompanied by severe pelvic or lower abdominal pain, and / or a fever.

Sources:

Medline Encyclopedia; Vaginal Itching – Common Causes; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/003159.htm#Common%20Causes; accessed 06/11/09.
Women’s Health.gov; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Frequently Asked Questions; http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/sexually-transmitted-infections.cfm; accessed 06/16/09.

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Tags: particularly vaginal yeast infections, original article, vulvar skin, sexual abuse, vaginal dryness.Other

Types of Benign Breast Changes

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 3:43 pm  
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Common benign breast changes fall into several broad categories. These include generalized breast changes, solitary lumps, nipple discharge, and infection and/or inflammation. Generalized breast lumpiness is known by several names, including fibrocystic disease changes and benign breast disease. Such lumpiness, which is sometimes described as “ropy” or “granular,” can often be felt in the area around the nipple and areola and in the upper-outer part of the breast. Such lumpiness may become more obvious as a woman approaches middle age and the milk-producing glandular tissue of her breasts increasingly gives way to soft, fatty tissue. Unless she is taking replacement hormones, this type of lumpiness generally disappears for good after menopause.

The menstrual cycle also brings cyclic breast changes. Many women experience swelling, tenderness, and pain before and sometimes during their periods. At the same time, one or more lumps or a feeling of increased lumpiness may develop because of extra fluid collecting in the breast tissue. These lumps normally go away by the end of the period.

During pregnancy, the milk-producing glands become swollen and the breasts may feel lumpier than usual. Although very uncommon, breast cancer has been diagnosed during pregnancy. If you have any questions about how your breasts feel or look, talk to your doctor.

Benign breast conditions also include several types of distinct, solitary lumps. Such lumps, which can appear at any time, may be large or small, soft or rubbery, fluid-filled or solid.

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs. They occur most often in women ages 35 to 50, and they often enlarge and become tender and painful just before the menstrual period. They are usually found in both breasts. Some cysts are so small they cannot be felt; rarely, cysts may be several inches across. Cysts are usually treated by observation or by fine needle aspiration. They show up clearly on ultrasound.

Fibroadenomas are solid and round benign tumors that are made up of both structural (fibro) and glandular (adenoma) tissues. Usually, these lumps are painless and found by the woman herself. They feel rubbery and can easily be moved around. Fibroadenomas are the most common type of tumors in women in their late teens and early twenties, and they occur twice as often in African-American women as in other American women.

Fibroadenomas have a typically benign appearance on mammography (smooth, round masses with a clearly defined edge), and they can sometimes be diagnosed with fine needle aspiration. Although fibroadenomas do not become malignant, they can enlarge with pregnancy and breast-feeding. Most surgeons believe that it is a good idea to remove fibroadenomas to make sure they are benign.

Fat necrosis is the name given to painless, round, and firm lumps formed by damaged and disintegrating fatty tissues. This condition typically occurs in obese women with very large breasts. It often develops in response to a bruise or blow to the breast, even though the woman may not remember the specific injury. Sometimes the skin around the lumps looks red or bruised. Fat necrosis can easily be mistaken for cancer, so such lumps are removed in a surgical biopsy.

Sclerosing adenosis is a benign condition involving the excessive growth of tissues in the breast’s lobules. It frequently causes breast pain. Usually the changes are microscopic, but adenosis can produce lumps, and it can show up on a mammogram, often as calcifications. Short of biopsy, adenosis can be difficult to distinguish from cancer. The usual approach is surgical biopsy, which furnishes both diagnosis and treatment

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Tags: breast tissue, breast lumpiness, glandular tissue, Most surgeons, middle age

Vulvodynia

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 12:44 pm  
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Vulvodynia is something that I, in one form or another, frequently get asked about. So, I spoke with Phyllis Mate, executive director of the National Vulvodynia Association to get expert answers to your questions. A. Vulvodynia, in the simplest of terms, means “pain of the vulva.”* It is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease as chronic vulvar discomfort or pain, characterized by burning, stinging, irritation or rawness of the female genitalia.

The cause of vulvodynia remains unknown. It may be the result of multiple factors. Physicians speculate that it may be caused by an injury to or irritation of the nerves that supply and receive input from the vulva; a localized hypersensitivity to yeast; an allergic response to environmental irritants; high levels of oxalate crystals in the urine; or spasm and/or irritation of the pelvic floor muscles.

There is no evidence that vulvodynia is caused by infection or that it is a sexually transmitted disease.

*Also defined as existing for at least 3 to 6 months. A. Burning sensations are most common, however, the type and severity of symptoms experienced are highly individualized. Some women describe their pain as stinging irritation or rawness. Vulvodynia may be constant or intermittent, [concentrated on one area or spread out]. The two major subsets of the condition, dysesthetic vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS), are quite different.

Dysesthetic vulvodynia is characterized by pain that is [spread out] throughout the vulvar region. It can be present in the labia majora and/or labia minora. Sometimes it affects the clitoris, perineum, mons pubis and/or inner thighs. The pain may be constant or intermittent, and it is not necessarily initiated by touch or pressure to the vulva. The vulvar tissue may appear inflamed, but in most cases there are no visible findings.

Women with VVS have pain when touch or pressure is applied to the vestibule (area surrounding the opening of the vagina). Women may experience pain with intercourse, tampon insertion, gynecologic exam, bicycle riding, horseback or motorcycle riding and wearing tight clothing, such as jeans. Most often, the vestibule of women with VVS is inflamed and red.

Regardless of the type of vulvodynia a woman has, the disorder imposes serious limitations on a woman’s ability to function and engage in normal daily activities. The pain can be so severe and unremitting that it forces women to resign from career positions, abstain from sexual relations, and limit physical activities. Not surprisingly, these limitations negatively affect a woman’s self-image; many women become depressed because of the physical pain itself and the associated psychological and social implications.

A. The diagnosis of vulvodynia is made by ruling out other conditions that can cause vulvar pain, such as , infections, skin disorders and human papillomavirus. A patient’s medical history needs to be reviewed carefully, and a complete vulvar and vaginal examination is necessary.

A culture is [often] taken from the vagina to rule out [things like] and infections. A “q-tip” test is often administered during the exam. During this test, different areas of the vulva and vestibule are touched with a [cotton swab] to determine the location and severity of a woman’s pain. If the doctor sees areas of skin that look suspicious during the exam, a biopsy of the skin may be required. Additionally, physicians may recommend a colposcopy, a procedure that uses a specialized instrument to examine the vulva more closely.

The National Vulvodynia Association (NVA) was founded by Mate and three other vuvoldynia patients.

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Tags: original article, vulvar tissue, labia minora, labia majora, multiple factors

Urinary Tract Infections

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 11:16 am  
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The urinary tract is the body’s filtering system for removal of liquid wastes. Because we have a shorter urinary tract, women are especially susceptible to bacteria that may invade the urinary tract and multiply — resulting in infection known as a urinary tract infection, or UTI.

Although most UTIs are not serious, they can be a painful nuisance. Approximately 50 percent of all women will have at least one UTI in her lifetime with many women having several infections throughout their lifetime. Fortunately, these infections are easily treated with antibiotics. Some women are more prone to recurrent UTIs than others and for them it can be a frustrating battle.

Treatment and Prevention Of Recurrent UTI

What Causes Urinary Tract Infections?

The most common cause of UTIs are bacteria from the bowel that live on the skin near the rectum or in the vagina, which can spread and enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Once these bacteria enter the urethra, they travel upward, causing infection in the bladder and sometimes other parts of the urinary tract.

Sexual intercourse is a common cause of urinary tract infections because the female anatomy can make women more prone to urinary tract infections. During sexual activity, bacteria in the vaginal area are sometimes massaged into the urethra.

Women who change sexual partners or begin having more frequently may experience bladder or urinary tract infections more often than women who are celibate or in monogamous relationships. Although it is rare, some women get a urinary tract infection every time they have sex.

Another cause of bladder infections or UTI is waiting too long to urinate. The bladder is a muscle that stretches to hold urine and contracts when the urine is released. Waiting too long past the time you first feel the need to urinate can cause the bladder to stretch beyond its capacity. Over time, this can weaken the bladder muscle. When the bladder is weakened, it may not empty completely and some urine is left in the bladder. This may increase the risk of urinary tract infections or bladder infections.

Other factors that also may increase a woman’s risk of developing UTI include pregnancy, having urinary tract infections or bladder infections as a child, menopause, or diabetes.

What Are the Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections?

Symptoms of UTI or bladder infection are not easy to miss and include a strong urge to urinate that cannot be delayed, which is followed by a sharp pain or burning sensation in the urethra when the urine is released. Most often very little urine is released and the urine that is released may be tinged with blood. The urge to urinate recurs quickly and soreness may occur in the lower abdomen, back, or sides.

This cycle may repeat itself frequently during the day or night–most people urinate about six times a day, when the need to urinate occurs more often a bladder infection should be suspected.

When bacteria enter the ureters and spread to the kidneys, symptoms such as back pain, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting may occur, as well as the previous symptoms of lower urinary tract infection.

Proper diagnosis is vital since these symptoms also can be caused by other problems such as infections of the vagina or vulva. Only your physician can make the distinction and make a correct diagnosis.

How Is a Diagnosis of UTI Made?

The number of bacteria and white blood cells in a urine sample is the basis for diagnosing urinary tract infections. Urine is examined under a microscope and cultured in a substance that promotes the growth of bacteria. A pelvic exam also may be necessary.

Note: If you have recurrent UTIs and bladder infections, you may be interested in purchasing an at-home test for UTI, which is available over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. The test consists of a dipstick that changes color when you have a urinary tract infection. The test detects the presence of nitrite. Bacteria changes normal nitrates in the urine to nitrite. The test, which works best on first morning urine, is about 90% reliable.


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Tags: correct diagnosis, recurrent uti, morning urine, lower urinary tract infection, at-home test

Treatments for Gallbladder Dis

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 9:54 am  
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oral bile acid dissolution therapy contact solvent dissolution mechanical extraction through a catheter placed into the gallbladder either through the skin or through and endoscope fragmentation through shock-wave lithotripsy combined with bile acid dissolution Visit our Women’s Health Symptoms Guide Index for more information about gallbladder disease and other women’s health conditions.

Learn More

Return to ourWomen’s Health Treatments Guide

Remember it is always your choice to seek a second opinion if you are uncomfortable or have any unanswered questions about the treatment recommended by your .

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Tags: Symptoms Guide Index, unanswered questions, Duke University, bile acid dissolution, acid dissolution therapy

Treatments for Urinary Tract I

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 8:19 am  
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Antibiotic treatment is necessary when you have a urinary tract infection or UTI. While you may feel better using one of the alternatives listed below, or after taking only part of your antibiotic prescription, it’s important that you take the full prescribed treatment to assure that your UTI is completely gone to reduce your risk of recurrent UTIs. Cranberry juice often helps to reduce frequency of bladder infections – cranberry herbal supplements are available over-the-counter and many women find they work amazingly quickly when an UTI has occurred, however, a physician’s diagnosis is still necessary even if cranberry juice or herbals reduce pain or symptoms. Azo-Standard is available OTC and often relieves the pain associated with urinary tract infections; however it does not cure the underlying infection and you must see your for traditional treatment. Some doctors recommend taking 500 IU Vitamin C daily as soon as you notice any sign of UTI to lessen the severity of your infection. Visit our Women’s Health Symptoms Guide Index for more information about urinary tract infections and other women’s health conditions.

See also:

Return to our Women’s Health Treatments Guide

Remember it is always your choice to seek a second opinion if you are uncomfortable or have any unanswered questions about the treatment recommended by your .

Source:

Urinary Tract Infection. Medline Plus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000521.htm. Accessed 08/24/2009.

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Tags: iu vitamin, original article, azo standard, unanswered questions, health care provider

Vaginitis

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 5:24 am  
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Vaginitis is a condition that occurs in the vagina causing , inflammation, and irritation, as well as vulvar or vaginal itching. The three most common and diseases are also the most frequent causes of vaginitis. The three common include:

Other types of vaginitis include:

CervicitisSexually transmitted diseases including genital herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.Atrophic vaginitis, often found in breastfeeding and menopausal women because of low estrogen levelsVulvar vestibulitisLichen simplex chronicusLichen sclerosisAllergic reactions to items used vaginally including spermicides and feminine hygiene spraysForgetting to remove a tampon or other foreign body from the vagina[/ul] Diagnosis of vaginitis begins with a visual inspection of any , the vagina, and the cervix. Your doctor collects a sample of your vaginal discharge for microscopic evaluation. The color, viscosity(consistency), and the presence or absence of odor helps your doctor determine the type of vaginitis you may have.

A visual inspection of your cervix helps to rule out cervicitis as the cause of your vaginal discharge. When the three common causes of vaginitis are not present, your doctor will consider other causes including hypersensitivity, irritant, and allergic vulvovaginitis, as well as physiologic leukorrhea.

Other diagnostic tools your doctor may utilize include a DNA probe, vaginal pH testing, and in some cases, vaginal cultures.

As you may guess, due to the large number of possible causes for vaginitis, the treatment for vaginitis depends on the cause. Treatments range from a number of different drugs to estrogen applied vaginally for vaginal dryness or atrophy.

You can help reduce your risk of vaginitis by following the tips, on the next page of this article, to prevent vaginal infections, as well as by practicing safe sex unless you are in a long-term monogamous relationship. Anytime you experience unusual vaginal symptoms such as vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, vaginal itchiness, or vaginal dryness, contact your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

Source:

Self-Study STD Module – Vaginitis. CDC. http://www2a.cdc.gov/stdtraining/self-study/vaginitis/vaginitis1.asp. Accessed 09/24/09.

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Tags: common causes, long-term monogamous relationship, Sexually transmitted disease, vaginal pH testing, feminine hygiene

Treating Frequent UTI

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 3:14 am  
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Question: What are the treatments for frequent or recurrent urinary tract infections?Answer: You’ve probably heard if you get one urinary tract infection, you should get ready for more frequent and recurrent UTIs. Although four out of five women have a second UTI within 18 months of the last one, the fact is that for the majority of women frequent, recurrent urinary tract infections are not a problem. On the other hand, if you are woman who has had at least three UTIs you can probably expect to have future infections. If you experience three or more urinary tract infections per year, ask your about your treatment options.

Frequent, recurrent urinary tract infections may be treated with one of the following treatment regimines: A six month (or longer) course of low dose antibiotic (TMP/SMZ or nitrofurantoin) therapy. This therapy has been shown to be effective with causing serious side effects. A single dose of antibiotic taken immediately after sexual intercouse. Using antibiotics for one to two days as soon as UTI symptoms begin.

Source:The National Women’s Health Information Center (NHWIC)

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Tags: recurrent utis, treatment options, low dose, single dose, sexual intercouse

Vulvitis

Monday, October 17th, 2011 at 1:58 am  
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Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva (the visible external genitalia). Vulvitis is not a condition or disease; it is a symptom that results from a number of different causes including allergies, infections, injuries, and other external irritants. Other such as vaginitis or genital herpes often accompany vulvitis. Women who experience excessive stress, whose nutrition is poor, or who have poor hygiene may be more susceptible to vulvitis. Several factors may contribute to the development of vulvitis: Oral sex. Scented or colored toilet tissue. Bacterial or fungal infection. Hot tubs and swimming pools. Horseback riding. Leaving a wet swimming suit on for a long period. Bicycle riding. Allergic reactions to products such as: soaps, shampoos, bubble baths, powders, deodorants, sanitary napkins, non-cotton underwear, pantyhose, , topical medications. Diabetic women face increased risk of developing vulvitis because the high sugar content of their cells increases susceptibility to infections. As estrogen levels drop during perimenopause, vulvar tissues become thinner, drier, and less elastic increasing a woman’s chance of developing vulvitis, or other infections such as vaginitis. Young girls who have not yet reached puberty are also at possible risk due to the fact that adequate hormone levels have not yet been reached. Any woman who is allergy-prone, has sensitive skin, or who has other infections or diseases can develop vulvitis. While each woman may experience vulvitis symptoms differently, some of the most common symptoms are: Itching. Redness. Swelling. Fluid-filled, clear blisters that break open, and form a crust (sometimes mistaken for herpes). Soreness. Scaly appearance. Thickened or whitish patches.

It’s important for women with these symptoms to remember not to scratch as this can lead to further irritation and/or infection. Although it may seem like a good idea to wash repeatedly over the day, the fact is that over washing the affected area can lead to further irritation. It’s best to wash just once a day with warm water only when symptoms of vulvitis are present.

Several diagnostic tools such as blood tests, urinalysis, testing for (STDs), and Pap smears help your doctor diagnose vulvitis. The treatment for vulvitis varies according to cause. Your clinician will consider several factors before determining which treatment is the right one. Some factors your clinician will consider include: Your age, general health, and medical history. The cause of your symptoms. The specific symptoms you are experiencing. The severity of your symptoms. How well you tolerate certain medications, procedures, or therapies.

Once these factors are considered, several methods of treatment are available including both self-help measures, and prescribed medications. Low-dose hydrocortisone creams may be prescribed for short periods. Anti-fungal creams are sometimes helpful for treatment of vulvitis. Post menopausal women may find topical estrogen relieves their symptoms. Self-help treatments include: Baths containing soothing compounds such as Aveeno baths or comfrey tea baths. Stopping the use of any products that may be a contributing factor. The vulva should be kept clean, dry, and cool. Always remember to wipe from front to back. Hot boric acid compresses. Cold compresses filled with plain yogurt or cottage cheese help ease itching and irritation. Calamine lotion. Using sterile, non-irritating personal lubricants such as K-Y Jelly, or Astroglide during sexual activity. Learning to reduce stress. Eating an adequate and nutritious diet. Making sure you get enough sleep at night. Things you can do to help prevent vulvitis include wearing white cotton panties, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding . Vaginal sprays and powders should also be avoided, as should tight pants. Unless you’re in a long-term monogamous relationship, always use condoms during sexual activities to reduce your risk of vulvitis, STDs, and other .

Source:

Vulvitis. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001445.htm. Accessed 08/26/09.

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Tags: bubble baths, swimming suit, Several diagnostic tools, specific symptoms, estrogen levels

Vaginal Itching

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 10:18 pm  
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Vaginal itching can be caused by or infections. If you’re pregnant when you experience vaginal itching, you should know that the most common reason for vaginal itching during pregnancy are the normal changes to the vaginal PH level which can cause topical irritations. Vaginal yeast infections also are notorious for persistent vaginal itching.

Before trying any self-treatments or over-the-counter medications for vaginal itching, especially during pregnancy, you should see your healthcare provider to be sure you don’t have any STDs or STIs. If vaginal itching is found to be caused by the normal PH changes of the vagina that occur during pregnancy, there are a number of self-help treatments that you can try to relieve the itching and lower the PH of the vagina. Vaginal PH can be lowered by taking baking soda baths. You can make a paste of baking soda and water and apply the paste to the area that itches. There is a possibility that having may help due to the lower PH levels of the male semen. Some women find that cold compresses help relieve vaginal itching. Practice good hygiene. Keep the vulvar / vaginal area clean and dry. Always wipe from front to back after a to prevent bacteria from entering the vagina. Don’t use . Use only fragrance-free soaps, laundry detergents, and fabric softeners. Practice good hand washing habits. Wear clothing that is not tight or binding especially in the crotch. Wear white cotton panties and avoid wearing nylon panties or hose that decrease the airflow to the vaginal area. Wear a nightgown with no underwear to encourage airflow to the vagina during the night. Use warm bath water and do not add bubble baths or other fragrant products which can irritate the vagina and urinary tract. Use a bath soap for sensitive skin. Although you might think that Ivory soap is gentle, it is not! In fact, Ivory soap is one of the most drying and thereby itch causing bath soaps on the market. The use of hydrocortisone creams is not usually recommended since it can contribute to the breakdown of the skin, causing continued itching. Lidocaine gel is good for relieving vaginal itching because it is a pure anesthetic. If you have a genital yeast infection, one of the over-the-counter yeast infection creams or vaginal suppositories should quickly relieve the itch, as well as the other symptoms of vaginal yeast infections. Some women find relief from vaginal itching just by using a yeast infection cream externally once or twice a day. To your bath add:

Source:

Vaginitis: Causes and Treatments. ACOG Education Pamphlet.http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp028.cfm. Accessed 08/26.09.

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Tags: Vaginal Itching Burning Irritation, soda baths, baking soda and water, bath add, hydrocortisone creams

Vaginal Douching – To Douche o

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 9:14 pm  
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A vaginal douche is a process of rinsing or cleaning the vagina by forcing water or another solution into the vaginal cavity to flush away or other contents. Vaginal douches are available over-the-counter and are made in a variety of fragrances by several manufacturers; they are also available by prescription to treat certain conditions or prepare for certain procedures.

Women choose to use douches for a variety of reasons. Many of these are related to myths or misinformation about what can do. A woman may use a douche to: Rinse away any remaining menstrual blood at the end of the monthly period. This is not necessary since the body will clean itself. Avoid pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases following . However, douching is neither a contraceptive nor a preventatives measure against STDs or other infections. It can, in fact, increase the risk of developing an infection. Reduce vaginal odors. Women who have an unusual vaginal odor need to see their clinician for proper diagnosis since extreme odor may be sign of an infection or other serious problem, and using a douche may only complicate the condition. Feel “cleaner.” The vagina actually cleans itself so are not necessary. Follow a doctor-prescribed treatment for chronic yeast infections or chronic bacterial infections. Douching for this purpose should be done only under your doctor’s supervision using the special solution provided. Simply stated, the answer is “No.”

According to a study published by the American Journal of Public Health, douching may reduce a woman’s chance of becoming pregnant during a particular month by approximately thirty percent.

Regular vaginal douching changes the delicate chemical balance of the vagina and can make a woman more susceptible to infections. Douching can introduce new bacteria into the vagina which can spread up through the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Researchers have found that women who douche regularly experience more vaginal irritations and infections such as bacterial vaginosis, and an increased number of sexually transmitted diseases.

Furthermore, regular users of vaginal douches face a significantly higher risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) — a chronic condition that can lead to infertility, or even death, if left untreated. Bacterial vaginosis and PID can have serious adverse affects on pregnancy including infections in the baby, labor problems, and preterm delivery.

For these reasons, douching is no longer recommended as a safe or healthy way to routinely clean the vagina. The only safe and healthy way to clean the vagina is to let the vagina clean itself. The delicate chemical balance of the vagina is very sensitive and easily disrupted by routine vaginal douching.

The vagina cleans itself naturally with its own mucous secretions. When bathing or showering use warm water and gentle unscented soap to cleanse the outer areas of the vagina. Feminine hygiene products such as soaps, powders, and sprays are not necessary and may lead to irritation of sensitive tissues.

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Tags: chemical balance, mucous secretions, healthy way, Bacterial vaginosis, labor problems

Vaginal Yeast Infections

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 7:59 pm  
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Seventy-five percent of all women will experience at least one vaginal yeast infection during her life and many are plagued by recurrent yeast infections. Learning to recognize the symptoms of vaginal yeast infection is vital before women attempt self-treatment.

Symptoms of yeast infection include itching, burning, redness, and irritation of the vaginal area. Severe yeast infections may cause swelling of the vulva and in some cases women experience painful and/or frequent urination which is caused by inflammation of the urinary opening.

Excessive which is thicker than normal, appears whiter and curd-like (almost like cottage cheese) will be apparent in women experiencing vaginal yeast infections. Sexual intercourse may be painful due to the inflammation and dryness of the .

Canidida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that is often found in the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract; it is a normal inhabitant of humans that usually does not cause any adverse effects. Canidida of the mouth is known as thrush and is often found in infants and people with a variety of health conditions. When canidida is found in the vagina it is known as yeast infection or monilial vaginitis.

Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the normal fungi that lives in the vaginal area. The most common fungi is Canidida albicans. Overgrowth of Canidida is often a result of recent use of antibiotics, or by wearing clothing such as nylon or lycra that traps moisture and heat. Other factors that often contribute to yeast infections include pregnancy, obesity, PMS, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes.

Yeast infections are common among women infected by HIV and women who suffer from recurrent episodes of yeast infection should be tested for HIV infection. Other possible causes include the use of , and consuming large amounts of sugars, starch, and yeasts.

Bacterial vaginitis is a far more prevalent vaginal infection than yeast infection and is characterized by a foul odor which is not present in yeast infection. Untreated bacterial vaginitis can result in pelvic inflammatory disease and lead to future infertility. It is imperative that a woman who is self-treating what she thinks is a yeast infection be positive that her vaginal infection is actually caused by yeast and not some other infection or STD.

Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and herpes can be mistaken for yeast infections because some of the symptoms are similar — there is discharge associated with gonorrhea, and herpes may often cause itching. Unless a woman is absolutely positive that her vaginal infection is yeast, she should seek the advice of her physician before self-treatment begins.

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Tags: Canidida albicans, use of antibiotics, recurrent yeast infections, cottage cheese, Other factors

What is the treatment for gall

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 5:05 pm  
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Surgery to remove the gallbladder is the most common way to treat symptomatic gallstones. (Asymptomatic gallstones usually do not need treatment.) Each year more than 500,000 Americans have gallbladder surgery. The surgery is called cholecystectomy.

The standard surgery is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For this operation, the surgeon makes several tiny incisions in the abdomen and inserts surgical instruments and a miniature video camera into the abdomen. The camera sends a magnified image from inside the body to a video monitor, giving the surgeon a closeup view of the organs and tissues. While watching the monitor, the surgeon uses the instruments to carefully separate the gallbladder from the liver, ducts, and other structures. Then the cystic duct is cut and the gallbladder removed through one of the small incisions.

Because the abdominal muscles are not cut during laparoscopic surgery, patients have less pain and fewer complications than they would have had after surgery using a large incision across the abdomen. Recovery usually involves only one night in the hospital, followed by several days of restricted activity at home.

If the surgeon discovers any obstacles to the laparoscopic procedure, such as infection or scarring from other operations, the operating team may have to switch to open surgery. In some cases the obstacles are known before surgery, and an open surgery is planned. It is called “open” surgery because the surgeon has to make a 5- to 8-inch incision in the abdomen to remove the gallbladder. This is a major surgery and may require about a 2- to 7-day stay in the hospital and several more weeks at home to recover. Open surgery is required in about 5 percent of gallbladder operations.

The most common complication in gallbladder surgery is injury to the bile ducts. An injured common bile duct can leak bile and cause a painful and potentially dangerous infection. Mild injuries can sometimes be treated nonsurgically. Major injury, however, is more serious and requires additional surgery.

If gallstones are in the bile ducts, the surgeon may use ERCP in removing them before or during the gallbladder surgery. Once the endoscope is in the small intestine, the surgeon locates the affected bile duct. An instrument on the endoscope is used to cut the duct, and the stone is captured in a tiny basket and removed with the endoscope. This two-step procedure is called ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Occasionally, a person who has had a cholecystectomy is diagnosed with a gallstone in the bile ducts weeks, months, or even years after the surgery. The two-step ERCP procedure is usually successful in removing the stone.

Nonsurgical approaches are used only in special situations such as when a patient’s condition prevents using an anesthetic and only for cholesterol stones. Stones recur after nonsurgical treatment about half the time. Oral dissolution therapy. Drugs made from bile acid are used to dissolve the stones. The drugs, ursodiol (Actigall) and chenodiol (Chenix), work best for small cholesterol stones. Months or years of treatment may be necessary before all the stones dissolve. Both drugs cause mild diarrhea, and chenodiol may temporarily raise levels of blood cholesterol and the liver enzyme transaminase. Contact dissolution therapy. This experimental procedure involves injecting a drug directly into the gallbladder to dissolve stones. The drug methyl tert butyl can dissolve some stones in 1 to 3 days, but it must be used very carefully because it is a flammable anesthetic that can be toxic. The procedure is being tested in patients with symptomatic, noncalcified cholesterol stones. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). This treatment uses shock waves to break up stones into tiny pieces that can pass through the bile ducts without causing blockages. Attacks of biliary colic (intense pain) are common after treatment, and ESWL’s success rate is not very high. Remaining stones can sometimes be dissolved with medication.

Overview | Causes | Risks | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Gallbladder Function | Tips

Reprinted from the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)

More About Gall Bladders

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Tags: bile duct, dangerous infection, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, two-step ercp procedure, major surgery

Trichomoniasis

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 1:43 pm  
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Trichomoniasis, sometimes referred to as “trich,” is a common STD that affects 2 to 3 million Americans yearly. It is caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis is primarily an infection of the urogenital tract; the urethra is the most common site of infection in man, and the vagina is the most common site of infection in women.

Symptoms – Treatment – Complications – Prevention

Reprinted from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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Tags: National Institutes of Health, Infectious disease, single-celled protozoan parasite, institutes of health, national institutes of health nih

Treatment for Cervical Erosion

Sunday, October 16th, 2011 at 11:46 am  
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Question: What is the Treatment for Cervical Erosion?Answer: Cervical erosion is treated in various ways depending on the cause. If an infection is present, antibiotics are necessary. When cervical erosion is caused by trauma to the cervix, either by injury or a chemical such as , avoiding the cause and time to heal are the only treatments. Sometimes cervical cauterization is used to treat cervical erosion. Your may also prescribe vaginal estrogen cream to help thicken the outer surface of the cervix.if(zSbL

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Tags: Human papillomavirus, original article, Conditions and Diseases, vaginal estrogen cream, cervical cauterization
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